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Capital account convertibility is a feature of a nation's financial regime that centers on the ability to conduct transactions of local financial assets into foreign financial assets freely and at country determined exchange rates.〔(FAQ: Capital a/c convertibility and how it affects you )〕 It is sometimes referred to as ''capital asset liberation'' or ''CAC''. In layman's terms, full capital account convertibility allows local currency to be exchanged for foreign currency without any restriction on the amount. This is so local merchants can easily conduct transnational business without needing foreign currency exchanges to handle small transactions. CAC is mostly a guideline to changes of ownership in foreign or domestic financial assets and liabilities. Tangentially, it covers and extends the framework of the creation and liquidation of claims on, or by the rest of the world, on local asset and currency markets.〔Benu Schneider. Issues in Capital Account Convertibility in Developing Countries. Speech delivered to Overseas Development Institute, 2000.〕 ==History== CAC was first coined as a theory by the Reserve Bank of India in 1997 by the Tarapore Committee, in an effort to find fiscal and economic policies that would enable developing Third World countries transition to globalized market economies.〔Vijay Joshi, Ian Malcolm, David Little. India's Economic Reforms, 1991–2001. Published 1996 Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829078-0〕 However, it had been practiced, although without formal thought or organization of policy or restriction, since the very early 1990s. Article VIII of the IMF’s Articles of Agreement is agreed by most economists to have been the basis for CAC, although it notably failed to anticipate problems with the concept in regard to outflows of currency. However, before the formalization of CAC, there were problems with the theory. Free flow of assets was required to work in both directions. Although CAC freely enabled investment in the country, it also enabled quick liquidation and removal of capital assets from the country, both domestic and foreign. It also exposed domestic creditors to overseas credit risks, fluctuations in fiscal policy, and manipulation.〔Zoubida Allaoua. India: sustaining rapid economic growth. Published 1997 World Bank Publications. ISBN 0-8213-3992-3〕 As a result, there were severe disruptions that helped to contribute to the East Asian crisis of the mid 1990s. In Malaysia, for example, there were heavy losses in overseas investments of at least one bank, in the magnitude of hundreds of millions of dollars. These were not realized and identified until a reform system strengthened regulatory and accounting controls.〔Prema-Chandra Athukorala. Crisis and Recovery in Malaysia: The Role of Capital Controls. Published 2003 Edward Elgar Publishing. Pg 44 ISBN 1-84376-455-5〕 This led to the Tarapore Committee meeting which formalized CAC as utilizing a mixture of free asset allocation and stringent controls.〔Zoubida Allaoua. India: sustaining rapid economic growth. Published 1997 World Bank Publications. ISBN 0-8213-3992-3〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「capital account convertibility」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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